Pasteurizing apparatus.



H. PELDMBIE11& c. B. DALZBLL.

PASTBURIZING APPARATUS. I APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9, 1011.

1,109,975. f Patented Sept, 8, 19M i 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

H. FELDMEIEM e. B. DALZBLL.y

. PASTBURIZING APPARATIJS.` L 1 APPLIOATION FILED JUNE e', 1o11. 1,109,975, Patented Sept. 8, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2, l

UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

lHARVEY FELDMEIER AND CHARLES B. DALZELL, F LITTLE FALLS, NEW YORK, ASSIGNORS TO D. H. BUBBELL & COMPANY, OF LITTLE FALLS, NEW YORK.

PASTEURIZING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent. I

Patented Sept. 8, 1914.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, HARVEY FELDMEIER and CHARLES- B. DALZELL, citizens of the United States, residing at Little Falls, in

6 the county of Herkimer and State of New flowing through York, have invented a new and'useful Improvement in Pasteurizing A paratus, of which the following is a speci cation.

This invention relates to the pasteurization of milk and other liquids by first heating the liquid to the temperature necessary for pasteurization, in the case of milk usually from 140 toI 150 F., then holding the liquid at this temperature for a suflicient length of time to produce the desired effect, usually from 20 to 30 minutes, and then cooling the liquid to the temperature suitable for filling the same in bottles or other` vessels or containers, usually about 40 F. Heret-ofore in pasteurizing milk the holding of the milk at the pasteurizing temperature has been effected in various ways which permitted the milk to pass through the heater and the cooler without interrupting the flow through these parts of the apparatus, but in all of these known methods the holding is eiected in such a way that the milk comes to a state of rest, either wholly or in part, as for instance, by causing the heated milk to collect in a vat or tank in which the milk remains to a greater or less extent during the pasteurizingperiod, or by causing the milk to collect in compartments which are successively filled and emptied.

The object of this invention is to provide a simple apparatus for holding the heated milk or other liquid for the desired length of time in such manner that all particles of the heated liquid are held practically for the same length of time and no part of the liquid is allowed to escape before that period has expired or is held beyond that period, and without allowing any portion of the liquid to come to a state of rest. To that end the heated liquid is caused to low through a holder formed by a coil or tube, and the size of the coil or tube and the velocity of thefiow are so regulated that the liquid in the holder occupies the lengt-h of time during which the liquid is required to be held at the pasteuri'zing temperature and forms a. moving body or stream in which all particles. move forwardly with practically .the same speed and in which, therefore, neither eddies, counter currents or stagnant bodies are formed which would retard the movement of the liquid, nor accelerated secondary currents which would cause part of the liquid to flow through the holder 1n less time than the desired period.

t In the accompanying drawingsi Figure 1 1s a diagrammatic e evation of thls improved pasteurizing apparatus. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the holder. l Fig. 3 is a. side elevation of the heater or cooler. Fig. l is a fragmentary sectional view of the heaterv or cooler.

Like reference characters refer to like parts in the several figures.

The apparatus is herein described as being used for pasteurizing milk.

A represents the receptacle or tank for the milk to be pasteurized, from which the milk is supplied by a pump 10 or other suitable means to the heater B which may be composed of two sections 11 and 12 which are arranged side by side and through which the milk flows successively. This heater is preferably composed of connected internal tubes 13, through which the milk flows, and outer tubes 14 which surround the internal tubes and which are connected with headers 15 having flow passages by which adjacent internal tubes communicate in such manner that the heating liquid, which may be hot water, flows through the annular passages between the internal and outer tubes and the flow passagesv in the headers in the opposite direction to the f'low of the milk.

C represents the tubular holder or holding coil which receives the heated milk, preferably at its upper end, from the heater B by a pipe 16 and from which the milk escapes at the lower end by a pipe 17. The holder consists of a coil or sinuous tube system arranged preferably in several sections, one above the other. and composed preferably of approximately parallel pipes 18 connected by return bends 19. the plane of each section being inclined to facilitate draining. The pipes or tubes of this coil are considerably larger in diameter than the milk pipe of the heater, so that the velocity of flow is considerably less in the holder than in the heater. An internal diameter of about 1% inches is suitable for the milk flow pipe of the heater and an internaldialncter of 5% inches is suitable for the holder.

It has been found in practice that a. speed of from 8 to 12 feet per minute in the holder modera causes the milk to flow through the same in a solid stream or moving body in which all particles of the milk dow forwardly with practically the same speed, so that neither eddies, cross currents or stagnant bodies nor accelerated secondary currents are formed and allot the liquid particles consume practically the same time in passing from the inlet to the outlet of the holder. lf the speed is too slow the outermost portions of the liquid are greatly retarded and accelerated secondary currents are formed in the inner portion of the liquid which travel at a much greater speed than the rest of the liquid and reach the outlet in much less time, so that the liquid which forms these accelerated currents is not held at the pasteurizing temperature for the desired length of time, while other portions of the 2@ liquid are held much longer than the desired period, whereby a uniform action el the heat on ,the liquid is rendered impossible and the successful operation of the apparatus is defeated. rlhe holder is made of such length that the milk occupies the desired period oit time in passing :trom the inlet to the outlet ol.2 the holder. l41 or illustration, it it is desired to hold the milk for thirty minutes and the speed of the milk in the flow passage of the holder istivelve feet per minute, the length of the passage should loe three hundred and sixty feet. The speed of the ilow through the heater and the cooler is proportionately greater, which is desirable as it promotes the exchange of temperature between the milk and the heating or cooling medium, while reducing the size of the apparatus.

D represents the cooler to which the milk passes trom the holder through the pipe 17 and in which the milk is cooled to the temperature suitable :tor bottling or storing.

This cooler is constructed preferably like the heater of connected internal tubes and outer tubes connected by headers and is arranged in several sections 20, E21, 22, 23, side by side.

'.lhe milk passes from the last Section 23 to a suitable receiving tank E which may be the tank of the bottle filler.

5@ ln the operation of this apparatus the cold milk, having a temperature olE about ll., is heated in dowing through the heater B to the desired pasteurizing temperature, usually from 140 to 150 lll., and passes 55 with this temperature to and through the tubular holder in which this temperature is practically maintained While the milk flows through the holder, the milk losing but a few degrees in temperature as the holder is en suitably insulated or protected against loss of heat. lin starting the apparatus the discharge cock 24 at the tail end ot the holding coil is kept closed until the holder has heen filled and the milk is supplied t0 the coil with such speed that in lilling the coil the period ol time is occupied which is required tor pasteurization, say thirty minutes. When the holder is full'the discharge cock is opened and thereafter the milk hows through the holder with such speed that each milk particle occupies the desired holding period in dowing fromthe inlet to the outlet ot the holding coil. rllhe time during which the milk is required to be held at the pasteurizing Atemperature varies somewhat with the temperature Vwhich is employed. F or illustration, with a temperature of M00 l?. a holding period of thirty minutes is suitable, while with a temperature of 150 F. a period or twenty-live minutes is su'flicient. w rlhe milk is kept in motion While passing through all parts of the apparatus, thereby avoiding a partial separation of the cream and the formation ot foam, which are liable to take place when the milk is allowed to g5 come to a state of rest. lEurthermore, the coating of the pipes is avoided and the milk is thoroughly and uniformly acted upon. llhe milk can be forced through the entire apparatus, heater, holder and cooler, by a 9@ single pump or ley gravity, since all ot these parts form a single tubular passage through which the milk lows without interruption or coming to a state ot rest and through which the milk can be caused to flow at a predetermined speed. 'llhe apparatus is simple and eihcient and contains no moving parts. lll desired, all of the parts of the apparatus may be arranged on the same level.

lln referring herein to milk we intend to lo@ include also other similar liquids, for instance, cream, skimmilk, buttermilk, dac. The apparatus may also bey employed for pasteurizing or sterilizing other liquids, for instance, beer or water. M5,

The apparatus may be provided with the regenerating means disclosed by Patent No. 972,608, october n, une.

We claim as our invention:

l. ln a pasteurizing apparatus, the combination with a heater and a cooler, oi' an interposed holder which is independent ot said heater and cooler and which consists of a tube through which the liquid Hows from the heater to the cooler and which is of such length that the heated liquid in dowing through the holder occupies the nec-y essary time for pasteurization and of such cross sectional area that practically all particles or the liquid flow through such area in the same direction and with thev same speed.

2. lln a pasteurizing apparatus, the combination with a tubular heater and a tubular cooler, of an interposed holder which is independent ot said heater and cooler and which consists of a tube through which the liquid flows from the heater to the` cooler and which is of such length that the heated liquid in lowing through the holder occu- )ies the necessary time for pasteurization mnd of such cross sectional area that prac- ;ically all particles of the liquid flow ;hrougl1 such area in the same direction and n 1th the same speed, said heater, holder and :ooler forming a continuous How passage through which the milk iows in a confined stream.

HARVEY FELDMEIER. CHARLES B. DALZELL.

Witnesses GRIFFITH PRICHARD,

CELIA WooDARD. 

